Assessment of a Multi-Layer Aquifer Vulnerability Using a Multi-Parameter Decision-Making Method in Mosha Plain, Iran

In recent decades, there has been a growing emphasis on assessing aquifer vulnerability. Given the availability of spatial data and GIS advantages, mapping groundwater vulnerability become common tool for protecting managing resources. Here, we applied indexing an overlay method to explore combination potential contamination factors needed assess in Mosha aquifer. The from borehole logger chemical analysis spring water show responses surface contaminating sources. To vulnerability, sources were classified into three groups, namely (1) geological characteristics such as lithology structural geology features; (2) infrastructures induced by human activities roads, wells, pit latrines; (3) land use. By considering these components, risk maps produced. Our findings indicate that is very responsive anthropogenic contaminants may leak urbanized areas. Additionally, roads latrines can significantly release pollutants environment eventually contaminate underlying